Freshwater Prawn Farming in Tanks: Complete Guide to High Yield & Profit

Freshwater prawn farming in tanks is a modern, profitable method of aquaculture suitable for both small and large-scale farmers. With high market demand, low land requirement, and the ability to control water quality, tank-based prawn farming is becoming a popular choice in India. This guide explains everything step-by-step, from selecting the right species to harvesting your profits.

What is Freshwater Prawn Farming in Tanks?

Freshwater prawn farming involves rearing prawns (mainly Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in a controlled water environment like cement, plastic, or HDPE-lined tanks.

Key Highlights:

• Requires less space than pond farming
• Water quality can be controlled
• Easier to manage diseases
• Suitable for urban and semi-urban areas

Note: Tank farming is ideal for locations with limited land and high water availability.

Expert Tip: Start with a pilot tank (1000 prawns) to test water quality and growth patterns before expanding.

Benefits of Tank-Based Prawn Farming

• Space Efficient: Requires significantly less land
• Water Saving: Recycling and filtration are possible
• Controlled Environment: Better disease control
• Higher Survival Rates: Up to 80–90% with proper care
• Faster Growth: Improved feed efficiency

Note: Tank systems enable year-round production, unlike seasonal pond-based methods.

Species Selection for Freshwater Tank Farming

The most suitable prawn species for tank farming is:

1. Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Scampi):

• Fast growth rate
• High market value
• Adaptable to tank conditions
• Disease-resistant

Expert Tip: Always source seed from certified hatcheries to ensure disease-free stock.

Tank Setup Guide

Types of Tanks:

• Cement Tanks
• HDPE-lined Earthen Tanks
• Plastic/FRP Tanks

Design Considerations:

• Size: 1000–5000 sq. ft.
• Depth: Minimum 4–5 ft
• Drainage System: Essential for waste removal
• Aeration System: Maintain oxygen level >5 mg/L

Setup Steps:

1. Level and clean the ground
2. Construct walls and install lining (if needed)
3. Fix aerators and filters
4. Fill with freshwater (treated if needed)
5. Check pH (6.5–8.0), DO, temperature

Note: Install shade netting if tanks are exposed to direct sunlight.

Seed Stocking & Density

Recommended Stocking:

• Stocking Size: PL (Post-larvae) or Juveniles
• Stocking Density: 2–4 prawns/sq. ft.

Procedure:

1. Acclimatise seeds before release
2. Stock early morning or late evening
3. Distribute evenly across the tank

Expert Tip: Avoid overstocking to reduce stress and mortality.

Feeding Management

Proper feeding boosts growth and reduces FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio).

Feed Types:

• Starter Feed (0–2 months): 35–40% protein
• Grower Feed (2–5 months): 30% protein
• Finisher Feed (5–8 months): 25% protein

Feed Schedule:

• Feed 2–3 times a day
• Adjust quantity based on biomass

Note: Uneaten feed must be removed to prevent water contamination.

Water Quality Management

Maintaining clean water ensures high survival and better yield.

Parameters to Monitor:

• pH: 6.5–8.0
• Ammonia: <0.5 ppm
• Nitrite: <0.3 ppm
• DO (Oxygen): >5 mg/L

Tips:

• Change 20–30% water every 15 days
• Use filters and biofloc (optional)
• Regularly check water using test kits

Expert Tip: Use probiotics to improve water and gut health.

Health Management & Disease Control

Common Diseases:

• White Muscle Disease
• Shell Disease
• Gill Chocking

Prevention:

• Maintain water quality
• Avoid overfeeding
• Quarantine new stock
• Use lime, salt, or potassium permanganate if needed

Note: Consult an aquaculture specialist if mortality exceeds 5% in a week.

Harvesting & Marketing

Harvest Time:

• 6–8 months after stocking
• Prawns reach 80–120 gm

Harvesting Process:

1. Lower water level
2. Use drag nets or drain the tank
3. Sort and weigh the prawns

Market Options:

• Local seafood markets
• Restaurants & hotels
• Online B2B platforms

Expert Tip: You can earn more by selling directly to end consumers or hotels.

Cost & Profit Analysis (Per 1000 sq. ft.)

Note: Profit depends on survival rate, feed quality, and market price.

Conclusion

Freshwater prawn farming in tanks is a high-potential agribusiness with excellent profitability if managed correctly. With growing demand, low space requirement, and easy water control, even beginners can succeed. Just ensure good quality seed, feed, and water management.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)